On the virtual inertia provision by BESS in low inertia power systems

This paper emphasizes the importance of battery energy storage systems (BESS) for frequency stability in low inertia power systems. A mixed input signal is considered for the BESS control, consisting of the frequency variation and the rate of change of frequency, as a solution to deploy the BESS for providing both inertia and primary frequency control. A sensitivity analysis on the influence of each input signal and the reaction time of the BESS on the frequency control, as well as on the frequency stabilization was performed. Simulation are conducted on a two-area interconnected power system to study and validate the capability of BESS to provide virtual inertia and contribute to system frequency regulatio

The role of off-board EV battery chargers in smart homes and smart grids: operation with renewables and energy storage systems

Concerns about climate changes and environmental air pollution are leading to the adoption of new technologies for transportation, mainly based on vehicle electrification and the interaction with smart grids, and also with the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) accompanied by energy storage systems (ESS). For these three fundamental pillars, new power electronics technologies are emerging to transform the electrical power grid, targeting a flexible and collaborative operation. As a distinctive factor, the vehicle electrification has stimulated the presence of new technologies in terms of power management, both for smart homes and smart grids. As the title indicates, this book chapter focuses on the role of off-board EV battery chargers in terms of operation modes and contextualization for smart homes and smart grids in terms of opportunities. Based on a review of on-board and off-board EV battery charging systems (EV-BCS), this chapter focus on the off-board EV-BCS framed with RES and ESS as a dominant system in future smart homes. Contextualizing these aspects, three distinct cases are considered: (1) An ac smart home using separate power converters, according to the considered technologies; (2) A hybrid ac and dc smart home with an off-board EV-BCS interfacing RES and ESS, and with the electrical appliances plugged-in to the ac power grid; (3) A dc smart home using a unified 2 off-board EV-BCS with a single interface for the electrical power grid, and with multiple dc interfaces (RES, ESS, and electrical appliances). The results for each case are obtained in terms of efficiency and power quality, demonstrating that the off-board EV-BCS, as a unified structure for smart homes, presents better results. Besides, the off-board EV-BCS can also be used as an important asset for the smart grid, even when the EV is not plugged-in at the smart home.(undefined

Using Frequency measurements for data consistency assessment related to malicious data injection in distribution related ICT systems

The new active distribution grids ask for ICT systems to support the grid observability and control. However, Information and Communication systems are prone to cyber attacks and high effort is focused on detection of cyber attacks which may bring malicious data injection in the control systems. The paper shows how frequency, as a common parameter in the synchronous power systems, can be used to assess data consistency over the grid, thus being able to detect eventual intrusions through cyber-Attacks, by analyzing in real-Time its evolution at different levels in the grid (on-line) or by making off-line assessments on recorded data. Selected examples and their interpretations are given in the paper, to show the effectiveness of the method. Moreover, detection of grid faults has been also shown to be possible by using the same tools based on frequency measurement over the grid

Innovative tools for demand response strategies: a real-life experience

The increasing amount of power plants connected to the distribution networks is pointing out issues about energy balances of local communities as well as observability and management of the energy flows by the Distribution System Operator. This paper presents a real life Demand Response campaign carried out by the local Distribution System Operator to reduce the Reverse Power Flow caused by the increasing amount of energy produced locally by distributed generators from not programmable energy sources. Innovative near-real time smart meters and advanced software developed under the Nobel GRID and the WiseGRID projects were used for the trial. Furthermore, these findings and actual data have been used for running simulations at the primary substation level for a complete year. The encouraging results obtained, especially when large energy consumers are involved, have shown the effectiveness of these tools and how they can enable the Distribution System Operator to use Demand Response strategies for increasing grid efficiency and control

Fostering innovation cooperative energy storage systems: The Storage4Grid project

Storage4Grid is a 36-months project funded by the European Commission under call LCE-01-2016, Area 1(Storage). Storage4Grid aims at boosting the uptake of storage technologies between the distribution grid level and the end-user level, by developing a novel, holistic methodology for modeling, planning, integrating, operating and evaluating distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESS) including storage at user premises and storage at substation level, Electrical Vehicles (EVs), innovative energy metering and energy routing technologies. This paper shortly outlines the challenges tackled by the project, its goals, the chosen methodology and its reference scenarios and test sites

Fuzzy Logic based Battery Energy Storage System Control for Frequency Containment

This work proposes the use of a fuzzy logic based controller as a primary frequency controller attached to a battery energy storage system. Besides providing the required active power to stabilize the frequency around the nominal value, the fuzzy controller aims to maintain the battery state of charge as closer as possible to the medium value, thus maintaining available reserve band for both upward and downward regulation. The simulations were performed in Simulink on the classical two-area model frequency model, that includes both primary and secondary control levels. Also, the simulations were done on a 15 minutes (900 seconds) time interval, meant to cover a relevant time interval for all frequency control levels. The BESS is simply modeled by a transfer function, while state of charge calculation, and power and energy limits are considered

Analysis of domestic prosumer influence on a smartgrid

The shift from a centralized production to a distributed generation based on renewable energy production has been increasing, resulting in prosumer arising as new stakeholder of the electrical system. In this paper, a prosumer that owns photovoltaic solar panels and small wind generator, is considered and renewable energy production forecast is given by artificial neural networks (ANN). An energy management model is developed considering a battery storage system. Several case studies are analyzed considering seasonality factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Towards cooperative ESS for distribution systems with high penetration of RES and EV the Storage4Grid vision

Storage4Grid (S4G) is a 36-months project funded by the European Commission under the call LCE-01-2016, area 1 (Storage). S4G proposes an innovative holistic methodology for modelling, planning, integrating, operating and evaluating distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESS) including storage at user premises and storage at substation level, Electrical Vehicles (EV), innovative energy metering and energy routing technologies. This paper presents a systematic strategy used by S4G to generate the use cases for two scenarios related to two test sites: in Bolzano focused on cooperative EV charging and in Fur addressing the impact of user and grid side storage coordination to the medium and low voltage distribution network. The paper summarizes the S4G vision, solutions, and approaches for evolving the cooperative and coordinated ESS scenarios into use-cases and related requirements